175 research outputs found

    Análisis de la vivienda familiar y sus ocupantes en el distrito centro de Madrid

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    This paper analyses the characteristics of the family housing in the urban district of ‘Centro’ in Madrid. Two points of view are taken into account. One of them is a spatial perspective, considering the municipality and the province of Madrid as comparative and broader residential contexts. Another one is a demographic perspective, distinguishing profiles of population according to its socioeconomic features. From the 1991 Census of Population and Housing, selected variables related to the houses, such as age, size, tenure status and amenities, as well as several items concerning socio-demographic features of the population, have been used. Rates of overcrowding, amenities and global quality of housing have been also calculated. It has been concluded that the district «Centro» is spatially and demographically heterogeneous and its centrality is a determinant aspect over the housing characteristics and over the different profiles and living arrangements of the residents living there.En este artículo se analizan las características de las viviendas del distrito Centro de Madrid desde dos perspectivas, una espacial, tomando como referencia comparativa otros ámbitos residenciales como son el municipio y la Comunidad Autónoma, y otra demográfica, distinguiendo los perfiles de la población residente. Se utilizan los Censos de Población y Viviendas de 1991 de donde se seleccionaron variables relativas a tamaño, antigüedad, régimen de tenencia y equipamientos de las viviendas y se calculan índices de hacinamiento, dotaciones y de calidad global de acuerdo a las características sociodemográficas de sus ocupantes. Se concluye sobre la heterogeneidad del distrito cuando se analiza la realidad interna, espacial y demográfica, de las viviendas y la población que las ocupa. La centralidad se muestra como un aspecto determinante tanto en las características de los alojamientos como en la diversidad de perfiles y formas de vida de los residentes del distrito Centro de Madrid

    Calidad de vida y salud: planteamientos conceptuales y métodos de investigación

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    Calidad de Vida (CdV) es un constructo multidimensional, en su génesis y evolución conceptual, definición académica, campos y disciplinas de investigación, perspectivas teóricas, enfoques de estudio y operacionalización. Estos factores se describen por sí solos, interrelacionados, y en su conexión con el dominio Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS), como fundamento teórico y práctico para la planificación a diferentes niveles sociales y espaciales. Métodos y medidas para su evaluación son también presentados y valorados. Los diversos dominios de CdV, particularmente CVRS, son la base para el análisis de situaciones concretas y de resultados de políticas específica

    Calidad de vida y salud: planteamientos conceptuales y métodos de investigación

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    Calidad de Vida (CdV) es un constructo multidimensional, en su génesis y evolución conceptual, definición académica, campos y disciplinas de investigación, perspectivas teóricas, enfoques de estudio y operacionalización. Estos factores se describen por sí solos, interrelacionados, y en su conexión con el dominio Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS), como fundamento teórico y práctico para la planificación a diferentes niveles sociales y espaciales. Métodos y medidas para su evaluación son también presentados y valorados. Los diversos dominios de CdV, particularmente CVRS, son la base para el análisis de situaciones concretas y de resultados de políticas específica

    Los inmigrantes europeos jubilados en Andalucía: rasgos sociodemográficos, motivaciones para migrar y modo de vida

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    El objetivo concreto de esta investigación es estudiar el proceso que lleva a los europeos jubilados a residir en la Costa del Sol, sus motivaciones en la toma de decisión, las ventajas e inconvenientes señaladas conforme el tiempo de estancia en España y su edad van avanzando, y su interacción con la sociedad y economía españolas, a través de facetas diversas (vivienda, actividades, redes...), es decir, su modo de vida.Peer reviewe

    La morbilidad hospitalaria de la población española

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    Hospital morbidity of the Spanish population. The objective of this paper is to determine the hospital morbidity in Spain. The data are derived from the C.M.B.D. (the Minimum Basic Data Set for Hospital Statistics) (1994). The results indicate that infants, women in fértil période and elderly people are the most consumers of hospital discharges. More than a half of the hospital discharges are related to the motherhood factor as well as to the digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and to the cancer. Elderly people are more likely to stay more days in hospital and this is the main demographic group in number of diagnosticated illness.La morbilidad hospitalaria de la población española. Se analiza la morbilidad de la población española, tomando como base de estudio los hospitales del país recogidos en el C.M.B.D. (Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos) para 1994. Se descubre que la presencia en hospital está marcada por los niños hasta los dos años, las mujeres en edad fértil y los ancianos. Más de la mitad de las altas hospitalarias se asocian con el factor maternidad, así como con las enfermedades digestivas, circulatorias, respiratorias y los tumores. Las estancias más prolongadas se producen entre la población mayor que se corresponde, además, con el grupo demográfico que presenta mayor número de patologías diagnosticadas. [fr] La morbidité hostipalière de la population espagnole. Cette étude s'intéresse par la morbidité hospitalière en Espagne. On utilise le C.M.B.D. (le minimum ensemble des donees basiquées) pour 1994. Le taux de présence en hospitalisation est plus élevé au sein des enfants de moins de 2 ans, des femimes en leur période fertile et des personnes âgées. Plus de la moitié des hospitalisés sortants est liée a la maternité, ainsi que aux malades de l'appareil digestif, circulatoire et respiratoire et aux tumeurs. Les durées de séjour sont supérieures chez les âgées qui présentent, en plus, des polypathologies

    Residential Environment and Health Conditions among Older-Adults in Community-Dwelling in Spain: What Influences Quality of Life?

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    The residential environment is considered the geographical space to which the population, especially older people, is most closely attached and where their daily life unfolds. Together with this, other personal and health and functioning conditions show their effect on satisfaction with life, as an indicator of quality of life in old age. In this context, the aim of this chapter was to understand the interrelationships of these quality of life variables and which of them are predictors of satisfaction with life in the older adult population living in family homes in Spain. The survey “Quality of life in older adults-Spain” (CadeViMa-Spain), conducted in 2008 among a representative sample of the population aged 60 or over (N=1,106 individuals), was used as the data source. The results showed a high level of satisfaction with life (69 out of 100), with 30% of its variance explained by a linear regression model, according to which overall life satisfaction is higher the larger the status of the household and satisfaction with living arrangements, the better one's health and the individual's perception of this, the lower the level of morbidity and depression and the higher the rating of the residential environment (in its three elements of housing, neighbourhood and neighbours). These results are of interest for the design and implementation of public policies concerning the adaptation of the residential environment to the circumstances and perceptions of its elderly residents, who live and want to age at home, in the environment where they have always lived with autonomy and independence.Peer reviewe

    Active Ageing Index: Application to Spanish regions

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    The World Health Organization definition for active ageing and the approach and measurement made by the UNECE/EC to define an Active Ageing Index (AAI) are the starting points for this work. This paper reflects on the proposed methodology of the European AAI for measuring and adapting it to sub-national spaces, in this case Spain and its regions. Consistently, evaluation of specific data sources and indicators that can be built from them, trying to homogenise with the national-level AAI, according to its calculation methodology, are also essential objectives of this paper. In general, Spanish data sources are broadly similar to those which have been used for calculating the AAI in Europe, while some limitations, difficulties for homogenization and distortions are inevitable due to the AAI specificity. These factors have conditioned the calculation of some indicators, tentatively replaced by other alternatives and approximations. The AAI for Spain, calculated on the basis of Spanish data sources, is consistent with the European AAI, although slightly lower. However, it is closely connected with other general indicators in Spain (Gross Domestic Product, Synthetic Quality of Life Index, New Index of Human Development) to differentiate the level of economic and social development of the Spanish regions. The future development of the AAI in Spain requires delving into the use of more adequate indicators and weights, and more crucially advancing its usefulness to assess the public policies for the elderly in Spain. In addition, it aims to extend its use to certain Latin American countries.This research was carried under the ELES Project (Ageing in Spain Longitudinal Study) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Competitiveness (National R&D&I Plan, Ref. CSO2011-30210-C02-01, PI. V. Rodriguez-Rodriguez). It is connected with other ongoing projects: i) the thematic networks ENACTIBE (Active Ageing in Ibero-America) (MINECO, ref. CSO2015-71193-REDT, PI. V. Rodriguez-Rodriguez) and RIIIES (Ibero-American Research Network on Ageing and Society, PI. F. Villar); ii) ENVACES project (Building the Active Ageing in Spain: self-assessment, determinants and quality of life expectations) MINECO/FEDER/ UE, ref. CSO2015-64115-R; PI. F Rojo-Perez); iii) ENCAGE-CM programme (Active Ageing, Quality of Life and Gender) (Community of Madrid and European Social Fund; ref. S2015/HUM-3367; Coord. G. Fernandez-Mayoralas). The authors thank Asghar Zaidi and the Editorial Board of the International Seminar of the Active Ageing Index, the Editor of the Journal of Population Ageing, and the two anonymous referees for their valuable comments that have helped to improve this paper.Peer reviewe

    Estado de saúde percebido em idosos: desigualdades regionais e sociodemográficas na Espanha

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    OBJECTIVE: To assess regional and sociodemographic differences in self-perceived health status among older adults. METHODS: A face-to-face quality of life survey was conducted in a representative sample of the Spanish population comprising 1,106 non-institutionalized elderly aged 60 or more in 2008. Logistic regression models were used to explain self-perceived health status according to the EuroQol Group Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS). Independent variables included sociodemographic and health characteristics as well as the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics level 1 (NUTS1: group of autonomous regions) and level 2 (NUTS 2: autonomous regions). RESULTS: Younger and better off respondents were more likely to have a positive self-perceived health status. Having no chronic conditions, independence in performing daily living activities and lower level of depression were also associated with positive self-perceived health status. People living in the south of Spain showed a more negative self-perceived health status than those living in other regions. CONCLUSION: The study results point to health inequality among Spanish older adults of lower socioeconomic condition and living in the south of Spain. The analysis by geographic units allows for international cross-regional comparisons.OBJETIVO: Analisar as diferenças regionais e sociodemográficas no estado de saúde percebido por adultos mais velhos. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um inquérito de qualidade de vida mediante entrevista pessoal com amostra representativa da população espanhola de 1.106 pessoas com 60 e mais anos não institucionalizadas, em 2008. Aplicaram-se modelos de regressão logística para explicar a saúde percebida segundo a escala visual analógica do EuroQol Group (EQ-VAS). As variáveis independentes incluíram características sociodemográficas e de saúde, assim como unidades territoriais estatísticas de nível 1 (grupo de comunidades autônomas) e nível 2 (comunidades autônomas). RESULTADOS: Os participantes dos grupos mais jovens e os que tinham uma melhor situação econômica mostraram maior probabilidade de ter uma percepção positiva da sua saúde. A ausência de problemas crônicos de saúde, a independência para realizar atividades da vida diária e menor nível de depressão também se associaram positivamente à saúde percebida como boa. Os idosos que viviam no sul mostraram uma percepção mais negativa da saúde do que as que vivem noutras regiões. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados indicam uma desigualdade relativa no estado de saúde dos adultos mais velhos de níveis socioeconômicos inferiores e dos habitantes do sul do país. A análise por unidades territoriais estatísticas permite estabelecer comparações entre regiões em nível internacional.OBJETIVO: Analizar las diferencias regionales y sociodemográficas en el estado de salud percibido por ancianos. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta de calidad de vida mediante entrevista personal en una muestra representativa de la población española de 1.106 personas con 60 y más años no institucionalizadas en 2008. Se aplicaron modelos de regresión logística para explicar la salud percibida de acuerdo con la escala visual analógica del EuroQol Group (EQ-VAS). Las variables independientes incluyeron características sociodemográficas y de salud, así como unidades territoriales estadísticas de nivel 1 (NUTS1: grupos de comunidades autónomas), y nivel 2 (NUTS2: comunidades autónomas). RESULTADOS: Los participantes de ambos grupos, el de los más jóvenes y los que tenían una mejor situación económica, mostraron mayor probabilidad de tener una percepción positiva de la salud. La ausencia de problemas crónicos de salud, la independencia para desarrollar actividades de la vida diaria y un menor nivel de depresión también se asociaron positivamente a la salud percibida como buena. Los ancianos que vivían en el sur mostraron una percepción más negativa de su salud que aquellos que vivían en otras regiones. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran desigualdad relativa en el estado de salud de los ancianos de niveles socioeconómicos inferiores y en los habitantes del sur del país. El análisis estadístico por unidades territoriales permite establecer comparaciones entre regiones en nivel internacional
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